Recycling decision, fairness concern and coordination mechanism in EC-CLSC.

Taking the e-commerce platform’s fairness concern into account, three decision-making models of e-commerce closed-loop supply chain are constructed. Then, the recycling decisions under three models are studied and the impact of fairness concern is analysed. The ‘effort costs sharing contract’ is proposed to realise the coordination of the supply chain. Finally, the conclusions are verified by numerical analysis. The results show that the e-commerce platform’s fairness concern reduces own profit and the remanufacturer’s profit, and decreases system efficiency. The ‘effort costs sharing contract’ can realise the centralised model where recycling price of waste products is the highest, commission is the lowest, and system profit is the highest. In the coordinated system, the higher the proportion of remanufacturer sharing effort costs, the higher the profit of remanufacturer.