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La Neuromyelite Optique de Devic (NMO) en Côte d’Ivoire: a propos d’un deuxieme cas confirme

mag(2019)

Cited 23|Views2
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Abstract
Introduction: La Neuromyelite optique (NMO) est une maladie inflammatoire demyelinisante du systeme nerveux central et fait partie d’un groupe d’affections inflammatoires denomme NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Elle cible selectivement le nerf optique et la moelle epiniere. Le diagnostic de cette affection repose sur les criteres diagnostic de Wingerchuck et le profil evolutif est celui de poussees-remissions. Objectif: Decrire le diagnostic de la NMO dans un contexte a ressources limitees. Observation: Une jeune femme de 31 ans a ete vue en hospitalisation au service de medecine physique et de readaptation pour prise en charge d’une paraplegie associee a des troubles vesico-sphincteriens et des escarres. L’histoire a revele trois episodes des poussees de deficit neurologique. Devant la survenue d’une baisse de l’acuite visuelle en cours d’hospitalisation le diagnostic de NMO a ete evoque. Les explorations paracliniques notamment l’IRM thoracique et la positivite des Ac anti-NMO dans le LCS ont permis de retenir le diagnostic. L’instauration d’une corticotherapie a forte dose a permis une remission clinique du trouble visuel. Conclusion: La NMO est une affection rare. Cependant la suspicion clinique doit faire evoquer le diagnostic et faire rechercher les criteres diagnostic. La corticotherapie reste le traitement de choix a la phase aigue de la poussee dans notre contexte de travail. Mots cles: Neuromyelite optique, corticotherapie, Ac anti-NMO English Title: Devic’s Optica Neuromyelitis (NMOSD) in Ivory Coast: a second confirmed case report English Abstract Introduction: Optic Neuromyelitis (OMN) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is part of a group of inflammatory conditions called NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD). It selectively targets the optic nerve and spinal cord. The diagnosis of this condition is based on the diagnostic criteria of Wingerchuck and the evolutionary profile is that of thrust-remissions. Aim: Describe the diagnosis of NMO in a context of limited resources Observation: A 31-year-old woman was seen in hospital in the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation for the management of paraplegia associated with vesico-sphincteric disorders and bedsores. The story revealed three episodes of motor and sensory deficit. Faced with the occurrence of a decrease in visual acuity during hospitalization, the diagnosis of NMO was mentioned. Paraclinical investigations, notably thoracic MRI and the positivity of anti-NMO Ab in the CSF, confirmed the diagnosis. The introduction of high-dose steroid led to clinical remission of visual disturbance. Conclusion: NMO is a rare condition. However clinical suspicion must evoke the diagnosis and seek diagnostic criteria. Steroids remains the treatment of choice in the acute phase of the NMOSD in our context. Keywords: Optic neuromyelitis, corticosteroids, anti-NMO Ab
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Key words
Neuromyelitis Optica
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