Susannah Selber-Hnatiw,Tarin Sultana,W. Tse,Niki Abdollahi,Sheyar Abdullah,Jalal Al Rahbani,Diala Alazar,Nekoula Jean Alrumhein,Saro Aprikian,Rimsha Arshad,Jean-Daniel Azuelos,Daphney Bernadotte,Natalie Beswick,Hana Chazbey,Kelsey Church,Emaly Ciubotaru,Lora D'Amato,Tavia Del Corpo,Jasmine Deng,Briana Laura Di Giulio,Diana Diveeva,Elias Elahie,James Gordon,Marcel Frank,Emma Furze,Rebecca Garner,Vanessa Gibbs,Rachel Goldberg--Hall,Chaim Jacob Goldman,Fani-Fay Goltsios,Kevin Gorjipour,Taylor Grant,Brittany Greco,Nadir Guliyev,Andrew Habrich,Hillary Hyland,Nabila Ibrahim,Tania Iozzo,Anastasia Jawaheer-Fenaoui,Julia Jane Jaworski,Maneet Kaur Jhajj,Jermaine Jones,Rodney Joyette,Samad Kaudeer,Shawn Kelley,Shayesteh Kiani,Marylin Koayes,Abby Johanna Amy-Aminta,Lena Kpata,Shannon Maingot,Sara Martin,Kelly Mathers,Sean McCullogh,Kelly McNamara,James Mendonca,Karamat Mohammad,Sharara Arezo Momtaz,Thiban Navaratnarajah,Kathy Nguyen-Duong,Mustafa Omran,Angela Ortiz,Anjali Patel,Kahlila Paul-Cole,Paul-Arthur Plaisir,Jessica Alexandra Porras Marroquin,Ashlee Prevost,Angela Quach,Aries John Rafal,Rewaparsad Ramsarun,Sami Rhnima,Lydia Rili,Naomi Safir,Eugenie Samson,Rebecca Rose Sandiford,Stefano Secondi,Stephanie Shahid,Mojdeh Shahroozi,Fily Sidibe,Megan Smith,Alina Maria Sreng Flores,Anabel Suarez Ybarra,Rebecca Senechal,Tarek Taifour,Lawrence Tang,Adam Trapid,Maxim Tremblay Potvin,Justin Wainberg,Dani Ni Wang,Mischa Weissenberg,Allison White,Gabrielle Wilkinson,Brittany Williams,Joshua Roth Wilson,Johanna Zoppi,Katerina Zouboulakis,Chiara Gamberi
MICROBIOLOGY-SGM(2020)
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摘要
The human gut microbiota controls factors that relate to human metabolism with a reach far greater than originally expected. Microbial communities and human (or animal) hosts entertain reciprocal exchanges between various inputs that are largely controlled by the host via its genetic make-up, nutrition and lifestyle. The composition of these microbial communities is fundamental to supply metabolic capabilities beyond those encoded in the host genome, and contributes to hormone and cellular signalling that support the dynamic adaptation to changes in food availability, environment and organismal development. Poor functional exchange between the microbial communities and their human host is associated with dysbiosis, metabolic dysfunction and disease. This review examines the biology of the dynamic relationship between the reciprocal metabolic state of the microbiota-host entity in balance with its environment (i.e. in healthy states), the enzymatic and metabolic changes associated with its imbalance in three well-studied diseases states such as obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, and the effects of bariatric surgery and exercise.
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human gut microbiota,microbiota-host interaction,gut ecology,metabolic networks,genetic regulation,diet,food additives,metabolic disease,obesity,type 2 diabetes,atherosclerosis,bariatric surgery,exercise