The efficiency analysis and spatial implications of health information technology: A regional exploratory study in China.

The new adoption of healthcare information technology is costly, and effects on healthcare performance can be questionable. This nationwide study in China investigated the efficient performance of healthcare information technology and examined its spatial correlation. Panel data were extracted from the Annual Investigation Report on Hospital Information in China and the China Health Statistics Yearbook for 2007 through 2015 (279 observations). Stochastic frontier analysis was employed to estimate the technical efficiency of healthcare information technology performance and related factors at the regional level. Healthcare information technology performance was positively associated with electronic medical records, total input, and cost of inpatient stay, while picture archiving and communication systems and net assets were negatively related. Local Indicators of Spatial Association showed that there existed significant spatial autocorrelation. Governmental policies would best make distinctions among different forms of healthcare information technology, especially between electronic medical records and picture archiving and communication systems. Policies should be formulated to improve healthcare information technology adoption and reduce regional differences.