Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of the Wood ofMyristica fragrans

The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of water and ethanolic extracts of Myristica fragrans wood were investigated. The extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9097, and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. Anti-inflammatory activities were assessed by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production (Griess assay) and the proinflammatory cytokines as Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) production (ELISA). Their cytotoxic activities against macrophages (RAW 264.7 cell line) were determined by the MTT assay. Antioxidant activity was performed using ABTS and DPPH scavenging assays. The ethanolic extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against S. pyogenes (MIC = 0.039 mg mL−1). The extract decreased the levels of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 value of 35.78 ± 2.22, 14.03 ± 2.12, and 55.26 ± 4.50 µg mL−1, respectively), and had moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 49.69 ± 2.02 µg mL−1 and 19.76 ± 0.98 µg mL−1 by ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively).