In vitro assessment of prebiotic properties of xylooligosaccharides produced by Bacillus subtilis 3610 in a single-step process

•The fermentation of XOS and lactulose increased SCFAs and gases production.•The highest concentration of butyrate and CO2 was obtained for XOS.•Both substrates led to a reduction in the ammonia concentration and final pH.•The relative abundance of Bacteroides increased with the addition of XOS.•XOS present potential functional properties for human health.