Delivery Systems for RNA Interference-Based Therapy and Their Applications Against Cancer

RNA interference technology discovered in 1990 won the Nobel Prize in 2006. The first approved drug in 2018 inspired us once again. The technology has many advantages, but how to deliver it effectively has become a bottleneck to clinical practice. Lipid, polymer and modification methods have been developed to deliver small interfering RNA to target cells or tissues. Numerous clinical trials have been carried out to apply RNA interference technology to the treatment of tumors. This review covers the history and mechanism of RNA interference and the development of various delivery systems. The current progress of clinical trials for RNA interference-based therapies against cancer is summarized. Challenges and opportunities for clinical application of RNA interference are discussed emphatically.