Comorbidity Among Chronic Physical Health Conditions and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Childhood

Purpose of Review To provide an overview of neurodevelopmental risk in children with chronic physical health conditions from large population cohorts, identify potential causes for comorbidity, and discuss intervention strategies. Recent Findings Children with a chronic health condition are at greater risk for delayed neurodevelopment, academic difficulties, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Limited evidence exists for risk of other neurodevelopmental disorders. Potential causes for comorbidity are multifactorial and include both physiological and psychosocial factors. Physical activity interventions may be a promising strategy for promoting both physical health and neurodevelopment. Summary Children with chronic health conditions require neurodevelopmental surveillance in addition to their specialized care. Although disease-related factors may directly impact neurodevelopment, secondary psychosocial factors likely also have detrimental effects on various developmental domains.