LFA-1 antagonist (BIRT377) similarly reverses peripheral neuropathic pain in male and female mice with underlying sex divergent peripheral immune proinflammatory phenotypes.

This study supports that divergent peripheral immune and neuroimmune responses during neuropathy exists between males and females. Moreover, the modulatory actions of BIRT377 on T cells during neuropathy are predominantly specific to females. These data highlight the necessity of including both sexes for studying drug efficacy and mechanisms of action in preclinical studies and clinical trials.