The effect of tree age on the chemical composition of the wood of silver birch ( Betula pendula Roth.) in Poland

The article presents the results of a so far most extensive study on the effect of tree age on variation of the chemical structure of silver birch wood carried out in Poland. Field studies took place in 12 forestry districts distributed throughout the country. In each district, study sites were selected with stands aged approximately 30, 50, and 70 years in fresh broadleaved forest habitats, as well as in five districts in fresh mixed broadleaved forest habitats. Analyses were made of the contents of substances soluble in cold and hot water, ethanol and 1% NaOH, as well as the contents of cellulose, lignin, pentosans and ash, and the pH, of wood from 306 silver birch trees. Tree age was shown to have a significant effect on the contents of cellulose, pentosans, ash, and substances soluble in 1% NaOH. In the case of the other characteristics, age was found to have no significant effect. The cellulose content was lowest in 30-year-old stands and increased with tree age. Similar observations were made regarding ash content. Contents of pentosans and substances soluble in 1% NaOH were highest in the wood of the youngest trees. Since birch wood is used by the pulp and paper, board and energy industries, the knowledge of its chemical composition, depending on the age of the trees, can be of potential practical importance for its further application.