ZnO Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis, Properties and Applications

In this paper, a review, there are presented “Green” routes used in the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles because they are more eco-friendly alternatives in comparison with chemical and/or physical techniques. Microorganisms, bacteria, enzymes and plant extracts also allow a controlled synthesis and function as stabilizing or hydrolytic agents. The chemical solvents are toxic, and these methods suffer various disadvantages due to the involvement of high temperature and pressure conditions during nanoparticle synthesis. The ZnO nanoparticles are of significant interest as they provide many practical applications in various fields: drugs, cosmetics, textile, electronic and optoelectronic, photocatalysis. The most important application of ZnO nanoparticles would be as antibacterial agents. The increased surface area and smaller size of these particles make them an ideal antibacterial agent. In addition to the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles along with their antimicrobial activity the mechanism of this activity was also reviewed. The green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica, Aloe vera, Murraya koenigii and Anisochilus carnosus were also highlighted.