Design strategies for programmable oligonucleotide nanotherapeutics

•Design principles and strategies for pure and hybrid DNA nanostructures were reviewed.•The application of DNA as nanocarrier surface and matrix modifier was summarized.•The applications of DNA aptamers as nanotherapeutic targeting agents were compiled.•The uses of DNA nanostructures as a drug and gene delivery system were discussed.•Limitations and future perspectives of oligonucleotide nanotherapeutics were addressed.