Multi-Scale Dosimetry With Multi-Scale Chinese Reference Phantoms

Recent studies on the development and applications of Chinese reference phantoms are reported in this paper. The previous work has developed a male phantom (CRAM) and a female phantom (CRAF) based on Chinese reference people. A Chinese male phantom library was constructed with 7 phantoms with heights ranging from 155 cm to 185 cm and extended to 12 phantoms with weight for each height. Chinese pediatric reference phantoms were constructed for 3-month, 1-year, 5-years, 10-year, and 15-year male and female respectively. Detailed organ models were developed, including a set of microscopic skeletal models, a set of detailed breast models, a detailed respiratory tract model and a detailed eye model. The phantoms were applied in radiation protection, including dose estimation from external exposure and internal exposure, and dose estimation for occupational exposure and accidental exposure. Detailed dose distributions in radiation-sensitive organs are calculated accurately using detailed organ models. The phantoms were also applied in medical imaging field such as dose estimation in mammography, CT and X-ray radiology.