Structural and functional properties of BaTiO3 porous ceramics produced by using pollen as sacrificial template

The present paper reports the dependence of structural and functional properties on the porosity level with values down to 50% in BaTiO3 ceramics. Micro-porosity (pore size below 15 μm) with (0–3) connectivity has been produced by using dried pollen particles as sacrificial template. The properties of such porous ceramics are mostly affected by porosity, but also by possible small doping with foreign ions resulted from the template and by small variations of Ba/Ti stoichiometry at the ceramic-pore interfaces, as observed by a shift of the Curie temperature towards lower values when porosity level increases. The dielectric relaxation evidenced a few processes characterised by different activation energies which seem to be not affected by porosity, i.e. they might be assigned to the ceramic part and not to the ceramic-pore interfaces. When increasing porosity, a regular tilting of P(E) loops and increasing of coercivity and reducing polarization were observed, as result of reduction of active ferroelectric component and to the field inhomogeneity in such ceramics.