Optimization Model of EV Charging and Discharging Price Considering Vehicle Owner Response and Power Grid Cost

The problem of load fluctuation in the distribution network and increasing power grid cost input caused by the unpredictable behavior of electric vehicle (EV) users in response to electricity price is investigated in this paper. An optimization model method for the charging and discharging price of electric vehicles is proposed, considering the vehicle owner response and power grid cost. The rule of EV user travel is first analyzed, and the travel and battery state constraints are defined. Under the constraints of user charging and discharging behavior and battery characteristics, a user transfer rate and unit energy cost function is designed to construct a multi-objective model of charging and discharging price that minimizes electricity expenditure and avoids an increase in power grid investment. Finally, an improved multi-target fish swarm algorithm is presented to solve the model optimization problem. The example analysis shows that the proposed method can reduce the peak-valley load difference of the system and cost input of the power grid, as well as provide users with regulation ability to access the power grid at different time periods.