Image charge shift in high-precision Penning traps

An ion in a Penning trap induces image charges on the surfaces of the trap electrodes. These induced image charges are used to detect the ion's motional frequencies, but they also create an additional electric field, which shifts the free-space cyclotron frequency typically at a relative level of several 10(-11). In various high-precision Penning-trap experiments, systematics and their uncertainties are dominated by this so-called image charge shift (ICS). The ICS is investigated in this work by a finite-element simulation and by a dedicated measurement technique. Theoretical and experimental results are in excellent agreement. The measurement is using singly stored ions alternately measured in the same Penning trap. For the determination of the ion's magnetron frequency with relative precision of better than 10 parts per billion, a Ramsey-like technique has been developed. In addition, numerical calculations are carried out for other Penning traps and agree with older ICS measurements.