Predicting food choice: a meta-analysis based on the theory of planned behavior

Purpose - The theory of planned behavior (TPB) emerged as one of the main theoretical bases for understanding consumer intentions and behaviors, with robust results covering different topics. In the context of food, the use of theory has motivated the replication and extension of the model under different circumstances. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach - The aims of this meta-analysis were to synthesize the literature on TPB in the food choice context and analyze the moderator effect on direct relationships under theoretical, methodological and cultural circumstances A random-effects meta-analysis of 155 studies (n = 367.994) was conducted. Findings - There was a robustness in the application of the TPB model to predict food choice; in particular, attitude was the stronger predictor of intention (r = 0.386). The analysis of moderators showed that food origin, life cycle, involving technology, healthcare, ethical concerns, motivation and convenience change the original model relations. Research limitations/implications - This meta-analysis is limited by the scope of the investigated literature and publication bias. This approach contributes to the literature in two ways. It confirms the robustness of the theoretical model for predicting behaviors in the context of food choice. Furthermore, this research is the first to provide support to sample, cultural and situational moderators. Originality/value - The findings offer insights into the food choice context and identify some gaps and opportunities for future research.