Expression of microRNA-514a-5p and its biological function in experimental pulmonary thromboembolism.

It is difficult to diagnose pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in clinical practice. While microRNAs(miRNAs) have been widely investigated as biomarkers for various diseases, their value as biomarkers for PTE remains largely unknown. In the present study, 83 miRNAs showed altered expression in an intermediate-risk PTE group when compared with their expression in a low-risk PTE group as detected by miRNA microarray analysis. After reviewing those data, hsa-miR-514a-5p was selected as a potential biomarker for PTE progression. Disordered myocardial fibroblast arrangements, broadened intercellular spaces, diapedesis of erythrocytes, and lower numbers of nuclei in the right ventricular wall were observed in rats in a PTE model group when compared to rats in a normal saline (NS) group. Furthermore, hyperexpression of miR-514a-5p exacerbated the morphological characteristics of lung and right ventricular tissues, and caused increased RVH I and lung index values, as well as increased BNP and NT-pro-BNP levels in the PTE model rats, possibly by downregulating Chordin-like 1 (CHRDL1) expression. These results suggest that MiR-514a-5p helps to exasperate PTE development by promoting several aspects of PTE pathology, including inflammation, lung injury, and right ventricular hypertrophy by targeting CHRDL1.