WITHDRAWN: Microstructure and in vitro evaluation of β-TCP/ZrO2-phosphate-based bioactive glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Abstract Scaffolds have been showed to be an option for bone tissue regeneration, owing to their excellent results in architecture design, composition, and functionality. Consequently, scaffolds can function as implants to repair bones and guide regeneration, enabling the complete restoration of tissue functionality at their implantation site. In the present research, three different scaffold compositions of beta tricalcium phosphate/phosphate-based bioglass reinforced with zirconia V1, VZ0.5, and VZ1.0 (0, 0.5, and 1 mol%) were studied. All the scaffolds showed excellent results in relation to bioactivity in simulated body fluid and osteoconductivity in cell-culture media. The formation of crystalline aggregates with a typical cauliflower-like morphology in the HA phase was observed in vitro tests in the scaffolds dipped in simulated body fluid and with preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. On the other hand, it would be possible analyzed the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation at days 7 and 14, having a significant effect on cell proliferation the zirconia. Due to the, it modified the scaffold surface, enabling better cell adhesion, a crucial step, and then cell proliferation. Collagen formation and the enzyme alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in all the samples, indicating that the MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells take part in the process of bone regeneration. Exhibiting the potential use of the scaffolds to regenerate bone tissue.