Fundamental Groups Of Small Covers Revisited

We study the topology of small covers from their fundamental groups. We find a way to obtain explicit presentations of the fundamental group of a small cover. Then we use these presentations to study the relations between the fundamental groups of a small cover and its facial submanifolds. In particular, we can determine when a facial submanifold of a small cover is pi(1)-injective in terms of some purely combinatorial data on the underlying simple polytope. In addition, we find that any three-dimensional small cover has an embedded non-simply connected pi(1)-injective surface. Using this result and some results of Schoen and Yau [25], we characterize all the three-dimensional small covers that admit Riemannian metrics with nonnegative scalar curvature.