Mineralogy and Pretreatment of a Refractory Gold Deposit in Zambia

The technological mineralogy of a gold deposit located in North-Western province of Zambia was carried out by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that gold was highly dispersed in gold-bearing minerals such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, and some gangues in the form of natural gold and electrum. The gold grade in the mineral was 15.96 g/t and the particle size distribution of gold was extremely uneven. Most of the gold particles were less than 10 mu m and wrapped with gold-bearing minerals, making it difficult to achieve liberation during grinding. According to the characteristics of the refractory gold deposit, the gravity-flotation combined beneficiation process was used to recover the liberated coarse gold and the fine gold in the sulphides. The closed-circuit experiments obtained excellent indicators. The grade and recovery of gold in the gravity separation concentrates reached 91.24 g/t and 57.58%, respectively. The grade and recovery of gold in the flotation concentrates were 49.44 g/t and 33.36%, respectively. The total recovery of gold was 90.94%. The gravity-flotation combined beneficiation pretreatment process provided a feasible method for the refractory gold ore and ensured the effective recovery of gold.