Changes in malaria epidemiology in France and worldwide, 2000–2015

•3.2 billion people are at risk of malaria worldwide.•In 2015: 91 countries and territories with ongoing transmission, 212 million of cases and 429,000 deaths worldwide.•2000–2015: decrease of the global incidence rate (−41%) and death rate (−62%).•Emergence of insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes.•Emergence of anti-malarial drug resistance in parasites, even to the most recently approved drugs such as artemisinin-based combination therapies.•2011–2015: increase in the number of imported malaria cases and severe malaria cases in mainland France (2000: 6.4%; 2015: 12.4%).•95% of imported malaria cases in mainland France come from sub-Saharan Africa, mostly Plasmodium falciparum (85%).•Mayotte: entered the elimination phase in 2015 (less than 15 cases/year).•French Guiana: less than 500 cases/year (−85% since 2003) but high prevalence in some mining regions (up to 46%).