Who owns Brazilian lands?

•The first time all official Brazilian land tenure data have been integrated into a single map.•For the whole country, 36% of lands are public, 44% are private, and 17% are unregistered or with unknown tenure. From the public, 6% are undesignated.•Large properties is the single category which occupies the largest area of Brazil.•Overlaps among land tenure categories sum 50% of the registered territory.•Our findings expose both uncertainties and fragilities in Brazilian land tenure.