Methanol production from captured CO2 using hydrogenation and reforming technologies_ environmental and economic evaluation

•Hydrogenation, bi-, and tri-reforming are simulated and optimized over 300, 1500, and 3500 tMeOH/day.•The capital, operational and total production costs are calculated and compared.•The hydrogenation technology with hydrogen from renewable sources is superior to other techniques in terms of CO2 reduction.•The reforming technologies can be considered as a transition process from traditional plants to alternative methods.