Initial Experience of ERCP-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation as the Primary Therapy for Inoperable Ampullary Carcinomas

Background Endoscopic ablation of duodenal ampullary malignancy has not been fully assessed. Aims The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograpy (ERCP)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for inoperable ampullary cancer. Methods Patients with inoperable ampullary cancer underwent ERCP-guided RFA from January 2012 to August 2017. RF energy (7–10 W) was delivered using bipolar RFA electrodes under endoscopic guidance. RFAs were repeated every 1–3 months until visible tumor was eliminated. All patients were followed up till June 2018, during which any biliary event was noted and managed endoscopically. Results Twenty-three patients underwent a median of two RFA sessions (range 1–6) at a median interval of 56 (range 35–90) days. Among 18 (78.3%) patients who received endoscopic re-evaluations, nine patients showed no remaining lesion and nine showed more than 50% tumor size reduction. During a median follow-up duration of 517 days (range 60–1836 days), eight (34.8%) patients required endoscopic re-interventions. The re-intervention rate at 6 months after RFA was 36.8%. Twelve patients were alive, among whom six required no biliary stenting. The accumulative mean survival was 1081 (95% CI 757.8–1404.0) days. RFA-related adverse events occurred in four cases (7.7%) including mild pancreatitis (1), bleeding (1), and late distal biliary stenosis (2). Conclusion This pilot study shows that ERCP-guided RFA is safe to use and able to reduce tumor volume and re-interventions in patients with inoperable ampullary cancer.