The Effect Of Postoperative Vaginal Progesterone In Ultrasound-Indicated Cerclage To Prevent Preterm Birth

Objectives: To compare pregnancy outcomes according to the use of postoperative vaginal progesterone in patients who underwent ultrasound-indicated cerclage. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 86 consecutive asymptomatic singleton pregnancies who had undergone cerclage because of incidentally found short cervical length under 20 mm through transvaginal ultrasound between 16 degrees(/7) and 24(6/7) weeks' gestational age. Outcomes were compared according to the use of vaginal progesterone after cerclage. Primary outcome measure was preterm delivery < 34 weeks of gestation. Results: (1) The frequency of preterm delivery < 34 weeks of gestation was significantly lower in patients with postoperative vaginal progesterone than those without (2.2 versus 18.4%, p = .021); (2) the median gestational age at delivery in the postoperative vaginal progesterone group was significantly longer than the control group (38.3 weeks (interquartile range, 37.5-39.1 weeks) versus 37.3 weeks (interquartile range 33.9-38.6 weeks), p = .020); (3) Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated the use of vaginal progesterone after cerclage was found to be independently associated with decrease in preterm delivery before 34 weeks (Odds ratio 0.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.93) and 37 weeks (Odds ratio 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.85). Conclusions: The use of vaginal progesterone was associated with lower rates of preterm birth before 34 and 37 weeks of gestation in women who underwent ultrasound-indicated cerclage placement.