Optimal wind energy bidding strategies in real-time electricity market with multi-energy sources

This study investigates optimal wind power generator bidding strategies in the real-time electricity market. The goal is to maximise its operating profit by determining the optimal amount of wind power to bid in the real-time market. A bi-level stochastic optimisation model is proposed in which the upper-level problem is minimising the negative profit of wind power producers, while the low-level problem clears the real-time market. The uncertainties in the wind power production, thermal power, hydro power, demand, and energy storage are considered in the stochastic model. This study utilises a mathematical programming problem with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions to transform the bi-level problem into an equivalent single-level mixed-integer linear problem (MILP). Case studies obtained with the IEEE RTS-24 Bus system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the effect of scenarios on the wind power producer's profit.