A nanoemulsion-adjuvanted intranasal H5N1 influenza vaccine protects ferrets against homologous and heterologous H5N1 lethal challenge.

Intranasal administration of NE01 adjuvant-formulated rH5 vaccine elicited systemic and probably mucosal immunity that conferred protection against lethal challenge with homologous or heterologous viral strains. It also enhanced viral clearance with decreased shedding. These outcomes strongly suggest that intranasal immunization using NE01 against flu infections warrants clinical testing.