Validity of Physical Exam Maneuvers in the Diagnosis of Sacroiliac Joint Pathology.

Background A combination of physical examination maneuvers is currently considered necessary to help predict who will respond to injections in the sacroiliac joint. However, the literature on this topic currently consists of conflicting studies, with one showing the value of a combination of exam maneuvers and the other showing no real value. Objective To determine the diagnostic validity of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) physical exam maneuvers using anesthetic intra-articular injection as a reference standard. Design A single institution prospective study. Participants Patients with the clinical diagnosis of SIJ pain and referred for SIJ injection were enrolled. Main Outcome Measure Numeric rating scale (NRS) to assess pain intensity Results Participants underwent fluoroscopically guided SIJ intra-articular injection with 1cc of 2% lidocaine and 1cc of triamcinolone 40mg. Patients' pain was assessed via 0-10 NRS pre-injection and immediately postinjection to determine positive anesthetic response to the injection. Six physical exam maneuvers (thigh thrust, Geanslen's test, FABER test, distraction test, compression test, and sacral thrust) were performed pre-injection and 15minutes postinjection. The results of these SIJ physical exam maneuvers were evaluated singly and in combinations for diagnostic power in relation to a positive anesthetic response (>80% relief) to the injection. No association was found between a single SIJ physical exam maneuver or combination of maneuvers and anesthetic response to the injection. Conclusions In this cohort, patient physical exam maneuvers to identify intra-articular SIJ pain did not demonstrate diagnostic value when compared with the reference standard of an intra-articular anesthetic block.