Transcriptome analysis of virulence gene regulation by the ATP-dependent Lon protease in Salmonella Typhimurium.

Aim: Determination of the virulence regulatory network controlled by the ATP-dependent Lon protease in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Materials & methods: The effect of Lon on S. Typhimurium virulence genes expression was investigated by RNA sequencing, and virulence-associated phenotypes between the wild-type and lon mutant were compared. Results: SPI-1, SPI-4, SPI-9 and flagellar genes were activated, while SPI-2 genes were repressed in the lon mutant. Accordingly, the lon mutant exhibited increased adhesion to and invasion of epithelial cells, increased motility and decreased replication in macrophages. The activation of SPI-2 genes by Lon partially accounts for the replication defect of the mutant. Conclusion: A wide range of virulence regulatory functions are governed by Lon in S. enterica ser. Typhimurium.