Distinction of IgG4-related mastitis from breast cancer: a case report

Background Immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related sclerosing disease is a pathological concept proposed in Japan during the early 2000s. This lesion-forming disease may exhibit characteristics of a systemic disease but often affects a single organ. To date, IgG4-related sclerosing disease in the mammary gland, or IgG4-related mastitis (IgG4-RM), has rarely been reported. Case presentation Here, we describe the case of a female patient who was admitted to our hospital with the main complaints of left breast and axillary lymphadenopathy. A careful diagnostic imaging examination led to an initial suspicion of breast cancer. However, a needle biopsy led to a diagnosis of IgG4-RM. Subsequently, the patient was successfully treated with predonin. Conclusions The treatment requirements for breast cancer and IgG4-RM differ considerably. This is a good example of a case wherein unnecessary surgical treatment, which is indicated for breast cancer, was avoided by needle biopsy. Accordingly, the patient was appropriately treated with steroids following a correct diagnosis.