Lesion distribution after Cryoballoon ablation and Hotballoon ablation: late-gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging analysis.

Introduction Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) lesions after cryoballoon ablation (CBA) are wide and continuous, however, the distribution can depend on the pulmonary vein (PV) size. We sought to assess the relationship between the lesion distribution and PV size after CBA and hotballoon ablation (HBA). Methods and Results A total of 80 consecutive patients who underwent PVI were enrolled (40 with CBA). The lesions were visualized by late-gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging. The lesion width, lesion gaps, and distance from the PV ostium (PVos) to distal lesion edge (DLE) were assessed. If the DLE extended inside the PV, the value was expressed as a negative value. Although the lesion width was significantly wider in the CB group (7.8 +/- 2.0 vs 4.9 +/- 1.0 mm, P < .001), the number of lesion gaps was significantly less in the HB group (2.9 +/- 2.4 vs 1.3 +/- 1.4 gaps, P = .001). The distance from the PVos to DLE was a negative value in both groups, but the impact was significantly greater (-1.5 +/- 1.8 vs -0.2 +/- 1.2 mm, P < .001) and negatively correlated with PV size in the CB group, but not in HB group (r = -0.27, P = .007). The AF recurrence 12 months after the procedure did not differ (5 [12.5%] of 40 in the CB group vs 4 [10%] of 40 in the HB group, P = .695). Conclusions The PVI lesions after HBA were characterized by (a) narrower, but (b) more continuous, (c) smaller lesion inside the PV, and (d) irrespective of PV size as compared to that after CBA.