Anti-PD-1 Blockade with Nivolumab with and without Therapeutic Vaccination for Virally Suppressed Chronic Hepatitis B: A Pilot Study.

•In patients with chronic HBV infection, T cell responses are inhibited, leading to an inability to control the virus.•One of the most common inhibitors present on exhausted T cells is PD-1, which likely contributes to T cell dysfunction.•A single dose of either 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg of nivolumab, with or without GS-4774, was well tolerated and effective.