Persistence of immunity to conjugate and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines in frail, hospitalised older adults in long-term follow up.

While ELISA responses in both study arms remained high 6 years post-vaccination, considerable waning was observed by OPA in both study arms, which should be considered given the current single-dose recommendation in Australia. Further research is needed to inform pneumococcal vaccine recommendations in people over the age of 65.