Role of microtubule-associated protein 6 glycosylated with Gal-(β-1,3)-GalNAc in Parkinson's disease.

Aberrant glycosylation of proteins has major implications for human diseases. To determine whether protein glycosylation contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a mouse model of PD was established by injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Induction of PD-like features was verified by assessing motor impairment and confirming reductions in biological markers, including dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and tyrosine hydroxylase, as well as the aggregation of a-synuclein. Altered glycosylation was detected using biotinylated agaracus bisporus lectin, which specifically binds exposed Gal-(beta-1,3)-GaINAc linked to glycoproteins. Subsequent lectin affinity chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed enhanced glycosylation of microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6) in PD mice as compared to healthy controls. In situ dual co-immunofluorescence analysis and immunoblotting confirmed that MAP6 is glycosylated with Gal-(beta-1,3)-GaINAc oligosaccharides, which in turn alters the distribution and structure of MAP6 complexes within neurons. This is the first study to described MAP6 as a glycoprotein containing Gal-(beta-1,3)-GaINAc oligosaccharides and to show that hyperglycosylation of MAP6 is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of PD. These findings provide potentially valuable information for developing new therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD as well as reliably prognostic biomarkers.