The oncogenic potential of PRR11 gene in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma cells.

Background: We previously demonstrated that Proline rich 11 (PRR11) gene is associated with the development and progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), but the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying oncogenic potential of PRR11 in TSCC cells. Methods: Overexpression and knockdown of PRR11 were performed by plasmid transfection into SCC15 and HSC3 human TSCC cells. Expressions of mRNA and protein were assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation and invasion were determined by CCK-8 and Transwell assay, respectively. In vivo tumor growth and cell cycle were determined by a nude mice model of subcutaneous tumorigenesis and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: Overexpression of PRR11 significantly enhanced TSCC cells proliferation and the invasive ability of TSCC cells, whereas PRR11 knockdown in TSCC cells exhibited a reverse trend. In addition, the in vivo subcutaneous tumorigenicity assay showed that PRR11 knockdown significantly reduced tumor size and the Ki67 (a proliferation marker) expression in the tumor tissue. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that PRR11 overexpression significantly decreased the proportion of cells in S phase, whereas PRR11 knockdown in TSCC cells exhibited a reverse trend. Furthermore, PRR11 overexpression simultaneously down-regulated two cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), p21 and p27 and up-regulated CDK2 and Cyclin A2 in TSCC cells. PRR11 knockdown again exhibited reverse trends of expressions of the above proteins. Conclusion: These results suggested that PRR11 promoted cell proliferation by regulating the expressions of p21, p27, CDK2 and Cyclin A to facilitate S/G phase transition in TSCC cells.