Petrogenesis of Early Silurian granitoids in the Longshoushan area and their implications for the extensional environment of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt, China

Analyses of the zircon U—Pb age, mineralogical chemistry and whole-rock geochemistry of the Jiling pluton along the southern margin of the Alxa Block were conducted. The results of these analyses will provide crucial information for investigations of Paleozoic crust-mantle interactions in the North Qilian Orogenic Belt (NQOB) and explorations of the transition age from a compressional to extensional environment during the collision between the Alxa Block and the Qilian-Qaidam Block. The zircon dating results reveal that the Jiling pluton is composed of Early Silurian granitoids (435–442 Ma) with contemporaneous mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). Most granitoids contain amphibole and titanite and have A/CNK values <1, illustrating that they belong to amphibolite-rich calc-alkaline granitoids (ACGs) and K-rich and K-feldspar porphyritic calc-alkaline granitoids (KCGs). Both the granitoid and MME samples display variable initial Sr and Nd isotopic compositions. We suggest that the Jiling pluton was formed by crust-mantle-derived magma mixing. The high HFSE content of the MMEs indicates that the mantle-derived magmas were derived from melting of the mantle wedge metasomatized by adakitic magma, and the crustal-derived magmas were derived from melting of Paleoproterozoic meta-basaltic rocks in the Longshoushan Group. The discovery of the Jiling granitoids indicates that the NQOB was dominated by a compressional environment during Middle Ordovician-Early Silurian in response to the collision between the Qilian-Qaidam Block and the Alxa Block, and the initial extensional environment began before 442 Ma.