National Goals and Tools to Fulfil Them: A Study of Opportunities and Pitfalls in Norwegian Metagovernance of Urban Mobility

•Some of the greatest potential of the UGAs is found in their regional ambition.•Ability differences between municipalities help explaining implementation barriers.•UGA can be an intervening stage preventing meta-policy from being toothless locally.•It is important that UGAs create governance arenas with internal accountability.