Screening of spring wheat varieties for resistance against copper and lead uptake in a contaminated soil

The best way to obtain clean crop products on soils polluted with heavy metals is to identify and use varieties that concentrate small amount of heavy metals in the consumed parts of plants. In this regard, varieties of spring wheat under the conditions of the East Kazakhstan region, the metallurgical center of Kazakhstan, were studied to identify metal-resistant forms that could be recommended to production and selection process. 10 zoned varieties of spring wheat were studied. The experiments were performed in the field conditions of natural pollution of the soil with copper and lead. The following was studied: content of heavy metals in the soil of the root zone and in plant seeds, the survival rate during the spring-summer growing season, the yeld and its structure. Studies have shown that copper accumulates in the seeds and its content exceeds the MPC from 1.3 to 1.8 times in almost all genotypes, except for the Kutulukskaya and Ulbinka-25 varieties. Lead also accumulates in the seeds of wheat and its content exceeds the MPC from 3 to 8 times in almost all variants, except for the varieties Erythrospermum-616 and Kutulukskaya. The Glubochanka variety has the highest survivability - 98.6%. The harvest is greatest for the Ulbinka-25, Glubochanka and Erythrospermum-616 and Altai varieties of spring wheat 300-317 g/m(2). The Ulbinka-25 variety can be recommended for cultivation on soils polluted with copper, and Erythrospermum-616 variety - lead, as this variety accumulates the least of all the corresponding metal in the seeds and at the same time is characterized by high yield and good survival during the spring-summer growing season. Kutuluka variety can be recommended for cultivation on soils polluted with copper and lead.