Circuit Theory Based on New Concepts and Its Application to Quantum Theory

In quantum theory, a wave function expresses the state of matter waves and is not considered to physically exist in general. Equations that are satisfied by a wave function are called wave equations. In classical physics, wave equations are well known and are derived from the Maxwell equations. However, the Maxwell equations do not define important physical properties, such as the lossless property of circuits. The lossless property is represented by the cascade matrix defined in analog circuit theory. The definition of the lossless property in wave equations became possible owing to the telegrapher's equations introduced by Heaviside. The cascade matrix can be determined from uniform transmission lines that can be obtained from the telegrapher's equations and those extended using the Riccati differential equation.