Modification of g-C3N4 quantum dots by Ni–Ni3C@C nanoparticles for hydrogen production

A rational design of noble-metal-free cocatalyst plays an important role in the potential application of g-C3N4 for hydrogen production using solar energy. In this work, graphitic carbon covered Ni–Ni3C (Ni–Ni3C@C) nanoparticles were used as cocatalyst for visible light-driven H2 production over g-C3N4 quantum dots (CNQD). Ni–Ni3C@C/CNQD composite can promote the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, thus bringing about a significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance. The H2-production rate of the optimal Ni–Ni3C@C/CNQD composite is approximately 86 times higher than that of pure CNQD. Our work will provide new insights for the application of metal carbide as a noble-metal-free cocatalyst in photocatalytic system.