Comparisons of clinical and functional outcomes of different reconstructive methods for the hypopharyngeal defect.

•Compared the clinical and functional outcomes of three different reconstructive methods for the hypopharyngeal defects.•Overall flap success rates were comparable between a pedicled flap, a fasciocutaneous free flap, and a visceral flap, regardless of defect types or treatment types.•For a non-circumferential defect, a fasciocutaneous free flap is the preferred option with a lower stenosis rate.•For a circumferential defect, either a fasciocutaneous free flap or a visceral flap is a good option., and close monitoring for stenosis is necessary for a visceral flap.