Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Enzyme Level and Antioxidant Activity in Women with Gestational Hypertension and Pre-eclampsia in Lagos, Nigeria

Background Deficiencies of enzymes in the folate cycle may lead to the generation of homocysteine, a toxic metabolic intermediate with pro-oxidant effect and ability to induce oxidant stress and lipid peroxidation as part of the pathophysiological process in gestational hypertension (GH) and pre-eclampsia (PE). Aim The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of plasma homocysteine (hcy) 5, 10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme and oxidative stress parameters as indicators of aetio-pathogenesis and severity of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Subjects and Methods This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted over 6 months. Two hundred pregnant women were recruited from two sites. They were divided into gestation hypertension ( n = 40), pre-eclampsia ( n = 60) and control groups ( n = 100). Parameters evaluated for statistical analysis were MTHFR enzyme level, plasma homocysteine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, with glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Results Mean plasma hcy level and MDA were significantly higher in pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension when compared to control group ( p < 0.05). However, MTHFR enzyme level, GSH, SOD and CAT were significantly higher in normotensive females when compared to PE and GH subgroups ( p < 0.05). Pre-eclampsia was significantly associated with an increased risk of lipid peroxidation (OR = 4.923; p = 0.007). Conclusion Pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension are associated with marked homocysteine metabolic derangement and increased lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress and reduced MTHFR enzyme activity which may be the significant risk factors in the aetio-pathogenesis of GH and PE.