Formation mechanism of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation tight sandstone reservoir in Ordos Basin—Take Chang 6 reservoir in Jiyuan oil field as an example

The Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation Chang 6 Member (C6 Member) in the Ordos Basin is the typical crude oil-rich sandstone in China, and its density restrict the exploration and development potential of hydrocarbon as well as their evaluation accuracy. Reservoir characteristics was studied using thin section (TS) associated with particle and pore size image analysis, X-ray diffractions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Time was taken as the main axle combined with diagenetic history, burial history, thermal history and structure. Thus, formation mechanism of tight reservoir was discussed by building the porosity evolution model and calculation method using “diagenesis simulation” and “geological effect simulation”. Results show that after strong evolution and reconstruction, micro-nano pore throat system has developed and ultralow-low porosity-super low permeability tight sandstone reservoir has formed. Porosity evolution of Well H53 of C6 Member has revealed the correlations between the hydrocarbon charging and the porosity. Tight sandstone reservoir quality is affected by the maximum intergranular point-counted porosity, maximum compaction rate, maximum cementation rate, pore evolution of sample and the oil saturation, reasons for the formation of tight sandstone reservoir as well as its quality have been found out.