Latent Classes Of Smartphone Dictionary Users Among Chinese Efl Learners: A Mixed-Method Inquiry Into Motivation For Mobile Assisted Language Learning

This study aims to explore types of motivation for smartphone dictionary use among Chinese university EFL learners. It is a mixed-method inquiry carried out under the frameworks of the Function Theory of Lexicography (Tarp 2007) and the Strategy Inventory for Dictionary Use (Gavriilidou 2013). Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted, followed by a confirmatory survey (N=577). The interview data revealed ten themes of user strategies and purposes. Using a latent class analytical tool, Mplus, we identified from the survey a model with three user classes: Customisation (33.3%), Learning (51.9%) and Utility (14.8%). They respectively imply individuating use of dictionary features and automatic messaging, authentic English language learning, and utilitarian purposes like passing exams. In addition, three variables were used for predicting class membership, namely gender (male and female), English proficiency (high and low), and university type (key and non-key). Multinomial logistic regressions showed motivation tendencies among these demographic groups: male users or non-key university students were more likely to fall into the Customisation class; high-proficiency learners or key university students, Learning; and female users or low-proficiency learners, Utility. In sum, this research has furthered our understanding of motivation for second language learning through mobile technology applications. It has theoretical, methodological and practical implications for future studies, offering fresh insights into e-dictionary customisation and education in e-dictionary use.