Good response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy predicts good oncological outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer

Background: After pre-operative concurrent long course chemoradiotherapy (CRT), pathologic complete response (pCR) has been reported with better oncologic outcomes in many articles, whether a moderate response (TRG1) can translate into good clinical outcome remains uncertain. Methods: A total of 132 locally advanced rectal cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery were recruited. Their clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical records were retrospectively reviewed. The association between clinicopathologic parameters and pathological response was conducted, and the multivariable analysis of the association between pathologic response and survival was performed. Results: With a median follow-up of 21.5 months, gender was the only factor associated with pCR (TRG0), while dual-agent chemotherapy regimen was linked with a lower likelihood of good response (TRG0-1). Good response (TGR0-1) remained significant associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after multivariate adjustment. TRG1 was linked with better DFS compared with TRG2-3. Conclusions: Patients with post-CRT good response (TRG0-1) demonstrate an excellent local and remote control, especially with those non-pCR patients (TRG1) getting better outcomes.