Primary Chronic Venous Insufficiency Is Distinguished by Attenuated Circulating Inflammatory Mediators and Healing Networks

Inflammation promotes venous leg ulcers (VLUs) in post-thrombotic syndrome. However, it is not clear how inflammation affects VLU in primary venous reflux. Computational modeling has demonstrated differences in cytokine and chemokine networks in other wound healing paradigms. We hypothesize that serum inflammatory mediators are differentially expressed and disorganized in primary chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), which may be a mechanism for future VLU.