Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical studies on uterine adenocarcinoma in cattle

A total of 150 female genital tracts were collected and examined from slaughter houses. Out of them, 29 (19.33%) were diagnosed as adenocarcinomas of the uterus based on cytopathological and histopathological examination. Grossly, thickening of the uterine wall with multiple greyish white areas in the myometrium and granularity over the endometrium was recorded as prominent findings. Impression smears revealed clusters of neoplastic glandular epithelial cells with multiple nucleoli. On histopathological examination, acinar (24, 82.75%), tubular (4, 13.79%) and solid (1, 3.44%) pattern of adenocarcinomas were identified. Immunohistochemistry was carried out with the markers VEGF and cytokeratin. Strong immunoreactivity was observed with VEGF and moderate to strong reaction was noticed with cytokeratin. Based on the present study, we concluded that cytopathology is useful as an early diagnostic tool for detection of the uterine tumours which can be further confirmed by histopathological studies. Immunohistochemically, VEGF marker can be used as a diagnostic marker to identify the presence of angiogenesis and malignancy in the uterus and cytokeratin can be used as a best marker to diagnose the tumours originating from the epithelium.