Thermal and exergetic investigation of a solar dish collector operating with mono and hybrid nanofluids

The use of solar dish thermal collectors is a promising choice for designing sustainable energy systems. The use of nanofluids is a new way for enhancing the thermal performance of solar collectors because of their improved thermal properties. The objective of this study is to investigate the use of mono and hybrid nanofluids in a solar dish collector in order to determine which kind of nanofluids leads to higher performance enhancements. The analysis is conducted with a developed thermal model in Engineering Equation Solver and the collector is studied thermally and exergetically. The examined hybrid nanofluid has as base fluid syltherm 800 with 1% Cu and I% TiO2. Moreover, the examined mono nanofluids are the syltherm 800 with 2% Cu and syltherm 800 with 2% TiO2. The investigated solar dish collector has a spiral absorber and it is examined for inlet temperatures from 25 degrees C up to 300 degrees C with a flow rate of 200 L/h. According to the final results, the use of hybrid nanofluid leads to higher thermal efficiency enhancement compared to the mono nanofluids because of the higher increase in the Nusselt number in the flow. More specifically, the use of the hybrid nanofluids leads to 0.99% mean thermal efficiency enhancement compared to the pure oil case, while the use of Oil/Cu and Oil/TiO2 lead to 0.42% and to 0.56% mean thermal efficiency enhancement, respectively. Moreover, the exergy efficiency is found enhanced with the use of all nanofluids. The mean exergy efficiency enhancement is 1.21% with the hybrid nanofluid, while it is 0.73% with Oil/TiO2 and 0.53% with Oil/Cu.