The Lead Poisoning Control in Zamfara and Niger States, Nigeria: A 2010-2018 Review

Event Abstract Back to Event The Lead Poisoning Control in Zamfara and Niger States, Nigeria: A 2010-2018 Review Nasir Tsafe Umar-Tsafe1, 2*, Adebola T Olayinka3, 4, Saad Ahmed4, Muhammad S Shehu4, Gaby Poggensi2, Abdulrazaq Habib5, Kabir Sabitu2, 4, Patrick M Nguku2, Abubakar Jafiya2, Mairo Kachalla2, Aishatu Binu Gubio2, Hawwa Inna Muhammad2, Sagir Aliyu6, Bashir Idris1, Bara’atu Shehu1, Abdulrahman Isah1, Halilu Ahmad1, Yusuf Madaro1, Rabi Usman1, Ibrahim Halilu1, Habibu Yalwa1, Hauwa Kolo7, Endie Waziri2, Saheed Gidado2, Mahmud Dalhat2, Benjamin J Mwangombe8, Ruth Olabiyo8, Gbemisola Oloruntuyi8, Abdullahi Zakariyya Yauri8, Balkisu A Shinkafi9, Nasir Sani-Gwarzo7, Zubairu Iliyasu5, Aisha Indo Mamman4, Hassan S Isah4, Shehu Akuyam4, John I. Anetor10 and Mary Jean Brown11 1 Ministry of Health, Zamfara State, Nigeria 2 Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (NFELTP), Nigeria 3 Nigerian Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Nigeria 4 Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria 5 Bayero University Kano, Nigeria 6 Zamfara Environmental Sanitation Agency, Nigeria 7 Federal Ministry of Health (Nigeria), Nigeria 8 Medicines Sans Frontiers (Nigeria), Nigeria 9 School of Science, Federal University of Technology, Nigeria 10 College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria 11 National Center for Environmental Health (CDC), United States Background The lead poisoning (LP) disasters in Zamfara (2010) and Niger States (2015), Nigeria, were described as largest in modern times by scope and magnitude. LP due to artisanal gold-ore processing activities, affected children less than five years old (U5) with acute-severe outbreaks. This review provides an update on magnitude, scope, environmental, clinical, safety and other interventions applied to control and prevent further menace. Methods Secondary data reviewed on reports, publications from LP outbreaks and related studies (2010-2018): house-to-house cross-sectional, scoping-chain-referral and cluster sampling surveys. These covered 14 and 1 local government areas of Zamfara and Niger States, respectively. Standard interventions were applied by stakeholders based on Lead contamination (LC) values: >400 ppm defined elevated soil lead levels (ESLL), ≥5 and ≥10 µg/dL defined elevated blood lead levels (EBLL), confirming LP in U5 and animals, respectively. LCs were analysed in blood samples from U5s/animals, soil, water, food-items/crops, air, gold-ore materials and other environmental samples, using lead care II, X-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption and inductively-coupled-mass spectrometers. Data were analysed using SPSS, OpenEpi 2.3 and Epi-Info 7. Results The highest ESLL, EBLL were >150,000ppm, >700µg/dL (2010) and >550,000ppm, 300µg/dL (2015), in Zamfara and Niger States, respectively. These reduced to 10,000ppm, 30µg/dL and 1,000ppm, 29.7µg/dL (2018). Highest animal-EBLL were >300µg/dL (Zamfara,2010) and >270µg/dL (Niger,2015). LC Levels in other samples were significantly above their respective US-EPA standards. The strongest risk-factor associations between U5s requiring chelation therapy and environmental LCs were significant (OR: 5.8, 95% CI: 1.7, 19.1, P<0.01, Zamfara) and (OR: 32.8, 95% CI: 7.6, 141.9, P<0.001, Niger). Over 10,200 and 281 U5s were screened, with >7,200 and 180 successfully treated of LP, in Zamfara and Niger States, respectively (2010-2018). Conclusion LP-based U5 mortality (734-Zamfara and 28-Niger) has ceased. Zamfara LP morbidity-prevalence effectively reduced from >97%(2010) to <3%(2018), Niger’s reduced from 98%(2015) to <1%(2018). LP control program in Niger was so successful, handing-over by December 2018, whereas in Zamfara, >3,000 LP U5s are continuously exposed to LCs. Zamfara disaster remains an emergency, due to ineffective re-contamination control, access to low-cost intervention mechanisms, inadequate Government responses. Recommendations: environmental remediation, chelation therapy, safer mining practices/health education, continuous surveillance, other control and prevention measures. Keywords: Lead Poisoning, Chelation Therapy, Soil remediation, Zamfara, Niger, Nigeria, EBLL, Safer mining Conference: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 3 Dec - 5 Feb, 2019. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Miscellaneous Citation: Umar-Tsafe N, T Olayinka A, Ahmed S, S Shehu M, Poggensi G, Habib A, Sabitu K, M Nguku P, Jafiya A, Kachalla M, Binu Gubio A, Inna Muhammad H, Aliyu S, Idris B, Shehu B, Isah A, Ahmad H, Madaro Y, Usman R, Halilu I, Yalwa H, Kolo H, Waziri E, Gidado S, Dalhat M, J Mwangombe B, Olabiyo R, Oloruntuyi G, Zakariyya Yauri A, A Shinkafi B, Sani-Gwarzo N, Iliyasu Z, Indo Mamman A, S Isah H, Akuyam S, Anetor JI and Jean Brown M (2019). The Lead Poisoning Control in Zamfara and Niger States, Nigeria: A 2010-2018 Review. Front. Pharmacol. Conference Abstract: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”. doi: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2019.63.00028 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 05 Nov 2018; Published Online: 17 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: Dr. Nasir Tsafe Umar-Tsafe, Ministry of Health, Zamfara State, Zamfara, Nigeria, untsafe@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Nasir Tsafe Umar-Tsafe Adebola T Olayinka Saad Ahmed Muhammad S Shehu Gaby Poggensi Abdulrazaq Habib Kabir Sabitu Patrick M Nguku Abubakar Jafiya Mairo Kachalla Aishatu Binu Gubio Hawwa Inna Muhammad Sagir Aliyu Bashir Idris Bara’atu Shehu Abdulrahman Isah Halilu Ahmad Yusuf Madaro Rabi Usman Ibrahim Halilu Habibu Yalwa Hauwa Kolo Endie Waziri Saheed Gidado Mahmud Dalhat Benjamin J Mwangombe Ruth Olabiyo Gbemisola Oloruntuyi Abdullahi Zakariyya Yauri Balkisu A Shinkafi Nasir Sani-Gwarzo Zubairu Iliyasu Aisha Indo Mamman Hassan S Isah Shehu Akuyam John I Anetor Mary Jean Brown Google Nasir Tsafe Umar-Tsafe Adebola T Olayinka Saad Ahmed Muhammad S Shehu Gaby Poggensi Abdulrazaq Habib Kabir Sabitu Patrick M Nguku Abubakar Jafiya Mairo Kachalla Aishatu Binu Gubio Hawwa Inna Muhammad Sagir Aliyu Bashir Idris Bara’atu Shehu Abdulrahman Isah Halilu Ahmad Yusuf Madaro Rabi Usman Ibrahim Halilu Habibu Yalwa Hauwa Kolo Endie Waziri Saheed Gidado Mahmud Dalhat Benjamin J Mwangombe Ruth Olabiyo Gbemisola Oloruntuyi Abdullahi Zakariyya Yauri Balkisu A Shinkafi Nasir Sani-Gwarzo Zubairu Iliyasu Aisha Indo Mamman Hassan S Isah Shehu Akuyam John I Anetor Mary Jean Brown Google Scholar Nasir Tsafe Umar-Tsafe Adebola T Olayinka Saad Ahmed Muhammad S Shehu Gaby Poggensi Abdulrazaq Habib Kabir Sabitu Patrick M Nguku Abubakar Jafiya Mairo Kachalla Aishatu Binu Gubio Hawwa Inna Muhammad Sagir Aliyu Bashir Idris Bara’atu Shehu Abdulrahman Isah Halilu Ahmad Yusuf Madaro Rabi Usman Ibrahim Halilu Habibu Yalwa Hauwa Kolo Endie Waziri Saheed Gidado Mahmud Dalhat Benjamin J Mwangombe Ruth Olabiyo Gbemisola Oloruntuyi Abdullahi Zakariyya Yauri Balkisu A Shinkafi Nasir Sani-Gwarzo Zubairu Iliyasu Aisha Indo Mamman Hassan S Isah Shehu Akuyam John I Anetor Mary Jean Brown PubMed Nasir Tsafe Umar-Tsafe Adebola T Olayinka Saad Ahmed Muhammad S Shehu Gaby Poggensi Abdulrazaq Habib Kabir Sabitu Patrick M Nguku Abubakar Jafiya Mairo Kachalla Aishatu Binu Gubio Hawwa Inna Muhammad Sagir Aliyu Bashir Idris Bara’atu Shehu Abdulrahman Isah Halilu Ahmad Yusuf Madaro Rabi Usman Ibrahim Halilu Habibu Yalwa Hauwa Kolo Endie Waziri Saheed Gidado Mahmud Dalhat Benjamin J Mwangombe Ruth Olabiyo Gbemisola Oloruntuyi Abdullahi Zakariyya Yauri Balkisu A Shinkafi Nasir Sani-Gwarzo Zubairu Iliyasu Aisha Indo Mamman Hassan S Isah Shehu Akuyam John I Anetor Mary Jean Brown Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. 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